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Gas Patio Heater Regulator It's important to understand how to use a propane patio heat if you need to stay warm during the cold weather. Matthew Griffith, prevention section chief of Montreal's fire department, advised that customers should look for items that have safety certifications. The patio heater should be securely attached and there shouldn't be combustible material nearby. Pressure Regulator Gas regulators are mechanical devices we drive through every day in our cars and homes without a second thought. Their invention first introduced 135 years ago, has revolutionized the way natural gas and propane are used for heating, cooking and oxyfuel welding. There are many variations in regulator design, however their fundamental function is the identical. The regulator utilizes an element that senses pressure, often a fabric-reinforced diaphragm, which controls the position of a valve plug and limit the flow of gas. The diaphragm joins the stem of the valve by rods that run through the diaphragm and spring, then into the valve. The mechanism is able to detect the gas pressure in the house or pipeline and adjusts the position of the valve plug to match the demand. As the consumption of gas in the house decreases the pressure between the regulator and the house also decreases also. This causes the diaphragm of the regulator to decrease in size, and then it pushes the valve plug closer to the orifice, which limits flow. As the demand in the house increases the valve will open further and increases the flow of gas. The valve plug stays shut until the demand of the house decreases. The valve is then opened to increase the flow. This process is known as size and is the basic operation of the regulator. As the valve opens it creates pressure up in the main chamber of the regulator, which is connected to the port for hose outlet by a venturi tube (see picture). This pressure is regulated by changing the screw or handle located on the outside of the regulator. When the screw is turned counterclockwise it increases the pressure. If it is turned clockwise it decreases the pressure. When selecting a pressure regulator make sure to keep in mind that the minimum and maximum nominal pressures are established by commercial standards, not the pressure at the supply line. The regulator should also be compatible with your hose. Make sure you choose a hose that is whistle-free. It will have alternating rings of different sizes. This will prevent the resonant sounds from building up across the length. Thermocouple Thermocouples are based on the idea that different metals in contact at their respective ends can generate a voltage, even if they are operating at extremely different temperatures. They are used to identify the temperature differences between different points in a circuit and convert that data into an electronic signal that can be read by a thermocouple gauge or other instrument. Thermocouples are superior to other sensors, such as thermostors. They are able to measure extremely high temperatures and work in corrosive conditions. A pair of dissimilar metals is joined at one end of the sensor to form the measuring (aka hot) junction, and the other end is maintained at a set temperature, known as the reference (aka cold) junction. Thermocouples produce small voltages, but they are passive devices that don't need power to work. The voltage generated is proportional to the difference in temperature between the measuring and reference junctions. Thermocouple manufacturers as well as metrology standards organizations such as NIST offer reference tables for the function E (T) displaystyle scriptstyle e(T) For each specific type of thermocouple. There are three primary types of thermocouple junctions: an exposed, grounded, and welded wire. The exposed type of junction is a bit higher than the protective sheath and offers the fastest response time. For measurements in corrosive environments, a grounded thermocouple should be utilized. A welded-wire thermocouple is physically isolated from the sheath by using mgO powder. This prevents moisture or gas from penetrating and causing problems. garden patio heater gas welded to a wire has the added benefit of being more resistant to vibration. It is recommended to use it in harsh environments that have pressures up to 3000 psi. When a thermocouple is damaged, it's usually caused due to a lack of polarity. If the sheath is not been properly polarized, both ends of the thermocouple might have different voltages at their measurement junction. This can lead to an inaccurate reading or even damage to the instrument. A defective thermocouple may result from an incorrectly installed or calibrated sensor. Thermostat Gas patio heaters, unlike electric heaters that are hardwired to the wall, are portable and run on propane or natural gas. Thermostats regulate the flow energy into these cylinders to ensure that they do not overflow, yet still provide warmth when required. The thermostat senses the temperature of the air that passes over it. The thermostat also senses when the room is cooling down to a comfortable level and shuts off the heating. Digital thermostats are among the most commonly used. It makes use of a microcontroller to convert a changing electrical resistivity into the temperature measurement. It is able to do this more accurately than older, mercury switch thermostats that used a mercury coil with three wires in it that moved in accordance with the temperature. This enabled the thermostat to tilt the mercury switch that was connected to an electrical circuit to an air conditioner or heater, turning it on and off. A mechanical thermostat is a different type. The thermostat opens when the wax in a small cylinder starts to melt, which is about 180 degrees F. (Different thermostats have different opening temperatures). A rod that connects to the valve presses into the wax and opens the valve when it's hot. As the room cools the wax expands and the rod is pulled into the cylinder, closing the valve. You can also program thermostats to alter the temperature at different time of the day. This lets you conserve energy by setting your heating to turn on and off when you are at work or asleep, instead of having it on continuously. You can also set the thermostat to come on earlier, so that your home will be an ideal temperature when you return from work or school. Thermostats often have an option called the heat anticipator that prevents the heater from turning off too early. This is due to the fact that different areas of the house typically reach the set temperature before the thermostat itself does. Pilot Light While many newer homes and heating systems have done away with pilot lights, older homes and furnaces still use them to ignite gas in the chamber for burning. If the pilot light is ever snuffed out, it's vital to know how to relight it safely. A pilot light produces a small flame which heats the thermocouple. This thermocouple generates electricity, and keeps the gas valve open. When the pilot flame ceases to burn, the thermocouple cools down and ceases to produce electricity, thus closing the valve. Pilot lights are utilized on a majority of natural gas and propane appliances, such as water heaters. To relight a pilot, you first need to shut off the gas on the appliance. Then, you have to take out any doors or panels that may hinder getting to the pilot light. Follow the directions on the front of the light to open the tube for the pilot light. Once you've reopened the pilot then turn the knob of the gas valve back to “on”. The main reason for leaving a pilot light on is to ensure safety. If you accidentally extinguish the pilot light, gas constantly venting from the tube could accumulate in your house until an electric spark or static charge ignites the gas and triggers an explosive explosion. To avoid this, the pilot tubes come with an integrated cutoff valve. In addition to the safety issues the burning of a pilot light also consumes a significant amount of energy. Various studies have shown that a pilot light could consume between $7 and $18 worth of gas each month. This wasted fuel also places more strain on the air conditioning system during summer use. Another issue with pilot lights is that it could attract spiders, which could create webs that block the pilot tubes. A constant flame can emit trace quantities of the compound Mercaptan, which is the cause of the smell of rotten eggs that is common in natural gas. If you are ever concerned about these issues, consider purchasing a gas fire with a remote control or replacing your fireplace with a more efficient and modern design.